国际贸易这些基本概念知识你不见得真的清楚！

When a country imports goods, It spends its currency aborad. When a country exports goods, it is paid in foreign currency.

当一个国家进口货物时，它用其货币向国外支付。 当一个国家出口货物时，它收取外汇。

The difference between the money a country earns for goods and the amount it spends on goods is called its balance of trade (or trade balance)

一个 国家以出口货物赚取的外汇与支付进口货物所用外汇之间的差额称为贸易余额（或贸易差额）

Countries also trade abroad in things like insurance, tourism, foreign investment etc. which are known as invisible imports and exports。

国家还在保险，旅游,国外投资等被称为隐形进出口。

When a country receives money from abroad for things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible export,

当一个国家从国外收到货物以外的其他的贸易收汇时，该交易被称为隐形出口。

When a country spends money abroad on things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible import.

当一个国家对除货物以外的事物支付外汇到国外，该交易被称为隐形进口。

the difference between the total amount of money a country spend and the total amount it earns is its balance of payments.

一个国家支出的总金额与其所赚取的总金额之间的差额是其国际收支。

If a country earns more than it spends, it has a favourable balance of payments. A favourable balance of payments is also called a balance of payments surplus.

如果一个国家的收入超过它的支出，它有一个有利的国际收支。 有利的国际收支也称为国际收支盈余。

If a country spends more than it earns it has an unfavouralbe balance of payments, This is also called a blance of payments deficit.

如果一个国家的支出超过它的收入，它有一个非常不平衡的国际收支，这也被称为支付赤字。

In order for international trade to take place, countries have to buy and sell foreign currency.This is done on the foreign exchange market.

为了进行国际贸易，各国必须买卖外汇。这是在外汇市场上进行的。

The value of a currency on the foreign exchange market changes frequently and the price at which oney can be exchanged at a particular time is called the exchange rate ( or rate of exchange)。

外汇市场上的货币的价值经常变化，并且在特定时间可以交换的价格被称为汇率（或汇率）

The changes in the exchange rate are influenced by many political and economic factors, The value of a currency will probably fall, for example, if a country has a large trade balance deficit.

汇率的变化受许多政治和经济因素的影响。例如，如果一个国家有大量贸易赤字，货币的价值可能会下降。

The exchange rate can affect the price of exported goods. If the value of the exporter's currency falls (or takes a fall) he will make more profit.

汇率可能影响出口货物的价格。 如果出口商的货币价贬值（或下跌），他将获得更多的利润。

On the other hand, if the value of the foreign currecny takes a fall, the exporter may have to raise his prices abroad in order to make a profit.

另一方面，如果外国货币的贬值，出口商就不得不把他的出口价格提高，以便赚取利润。

Alternatively the exporter can take out forward exchange cover, Forward exchange cover is a form of insurance.

或者，出口商可以采取远期外汇交易保障，远期外汇交易保障是一种形式的保险

The exporter arrange to sell forwards (e.g. in three months time) at an agreed rate of exchange the foreign currecny he will receive from the sale of goods. this guards the exporter against losing money if the foreign currency falls in value).

出口商事先以商定的汇率安排卖出出口货物所得的外汇（例如三个月）。 这将保护出口商免于因为外汇贬值造成损失）。